Which of the following factors is an etiological factor for malocclusion II/2 by Angle?

• A. Respiratory distress
• B. Rachitis
• C. Infantile swallowing
• D. Heredity

Answer: (D)

Heredity is the main determinant of Angle Class II Division 2 malocclusion. This pattern shows a strong familial tendency, meaning the jaw size relationships and tooth inclinations that produce this specific occlusion are commonly transmitted genetically. In II/2, the hallmark is retroclined maxillary central incisors with a deep bite, a presentation that often runs in families due to inherited craniofacial growth patterns and tooth positions.

Environmental or functional factors like respiratory distress (mouth breathing), infantile swallowing, or rickets can influence facial growth or dental development in some individuals, but they do not primarily explain the typical inheritance and presentation of this occlusion.